Diagnosis and management of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, part 2: respiratory, cardiac, bone health, and orthopaedic management.

Authors:

Prof David J Birnkrant, MDa ∙ Prof Katharine Bushby, MDb ∙ Carla M Bann, PhDc ∙ Prof Benjamin A Alman, MDd ∙ Prof Susan D Apkon, MDe ∙ Angela Blackwell, MPHc ∙ Laura E Case, DPTg ∙ Prof Linda Cripe, MDh ∙ Stasia Hadjiyannakis, MDi ∙ Aaron K Olson, MDf ∙ Daniel W Sheehan, MDj ∙ Julie Bolen, PhDk ∙ David R Weber, MDl ∙ Leanne M Ward, MDi for the DMD Care Considerations Working Group†

a Department of Pediatrics, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
bJohn Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
c RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
d Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine and Health System, Durham, NC, USA
e Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
f Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
g Doctor of Physical Therapy Division, Department of Orthopaedics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
h Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
i Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
j John R Oishei Children’s Hospital, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
k Rare Disorders and Health Outcomes Team, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
l Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Golisano Children’s Hospital, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
†Members listed at the end of part 1 of this Review